In the hydraulic system, the motor is the “heart” of the hydraulic pump. Its selection and matching directly affect the system performance. Asynchronous, servo, and variable frequency motors are suitable for different working conditions. The following are their selection points, efficiency optimization, and matching principles.
1. Asynchronous motor: An economical and practical conventional choice
(1) Selection points
Asynchronous motors are suitable for ordinary industrial scenarios. When selecting, the motor power must be 10% – 20% greater than the rated power of the hydraulic pump; the speed must match the pump, such as a vane pump is suitable for a 1500r/min or 3000r/min motor, and the gear pump speed selection is more flexible; in harsh environments, a motor with IP54 or IP65 protection level should be selected.
(2) Efficiency optimization
Avoid “big horses pulling small carts” and use high-efficiency and energy-saving motors. Optimize the power supply system through power factor compensation devices to reduce losses.
(3) Matching principles with pumps
Ensure that the motor and pump shaft diameters and keyway dimensions are consistent, and ensure coaxiality when connecting the coupling. The rated torque of the motor must meet the pump startup and operation requirements.
2. Servo motor: an ideal partner for high-precision control
(1) Selection points
Servo motors are used in high-precision control scenarios. The encoder resolution should be selected based on the positioning accuracy, the motor inertia should be matched according to the load inertia, and the maximum and continuous torque should be paid attention to.
(2) Efficiency optimization
Use algorithms such as vector control to monitor the load in real time to adjust the speed and torque, optimize the drive parameters, and achieve efficient operation.
(3) Matching principle with the pump
Set the motor parameters in combination with the pump flow-pressure curve to ensure the dynamic stability of the system, reasonably select the transmission ratio, and accurately transmit power.
3. Variable frequency motor: Energy-saving pioneer with flexible speed regulation
(1) Selection points
Variable frequency motors are suitable for scenarios with variable working conditions. You need to select motors according to the speed regulation range, pay attention to low-frequency heat dissipation, and select matching inverters.
(2) Efficiency optimization
Use the inverter to adjust the speed as needed, match the load demand, adopt energy-saving mode, and perform regular maintenance to improve efficiency.
(3) Matching principle with pumps
Determine the speed range based on the pump performance curve, take filtering measures to deal with inverter harmonics, ensure stable connection, and monitor optimization parameters in real time.
The selection and matching of hydraulic pump motors requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors. Only by choosing the right motor and following the principles can the hydraulic system achieve efficient and stable operation. In the future, its matching will be more intelligent and accurate.
